Ukwenziwa kwee-semiconductor akuxoleli ngokuchanekileyo. Njengoko ii-transistors zincitshiswa kwaye ii-circuitry zisanda, nokuba amanqanaba amancinci okutshintsha kwendalo anokubangela iziphene, ilahleko yesivuno, okanye ukusilela kokuthembeka kokugqibela. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo nengakhathalelwanga kwinkqubo engenaziphene kukulawula ukufuma. Ukusebenza okuphezulu akusekelwe kuphela kwizixhobo ze-semiconductor cleanroom zanamhlanje, kodwa nakwimisebenzi yokususa ubumanzi kwi-semiconductor cleanroom ecociweyo ngononophelo kunye neeparamitha ezithile zenkqubo ezijolise kuyo.

Indima Yokufuma Kwimveliso Yee-Semiconductor

Umswakama awuyonto nje yokunethezeka—yinto ebalulekileyo kwizakhiwo zokwenza izinto ze-semiconductor. Umswakama ongalawulekiyo ubeka ezi ngozi zilandelayo:

• Ukuxinana kweendawo ezibuthathaka ze-wafer
• Ukukhupha i-electrostatic discharge (ESD), ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinomswakama omncinci
• Ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana ngokuncamathiselwa komphunga wamanzi
• Ukugqwala okubangelwa kukufuma ngexesha lokupakisha nokuvavanya

Ekubeni izixhobo ze-semiconductor zenziwe ngezikali ze-nanometer namhlanje, ezi ngozi ziyanda. Ngoko ke, ulawulo lokufuma kwe-semiconductor aluyongcinga ilungileyo nje—yinto ebalulekileyo kwezobuchwepheshe.

Qonda iSemiconductor Cleanroom

Iifektri zokwenza ii-semiconductor, okanye ii-fabs, zakhiwe ngamanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu ee-particle emoyeni, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye nokufuma. Amagumbi okucoca ahlulwe ngokwenani kunye nobubanzi obamkelekileyo bee-particles nge-cubic meter ngokwe-ISO okanye i-Federal Standard 209E classification.

Kule meko, izixhobo zegumbi lokucoca ze-semiconductor azilawuli nje kuphela ukuhamba komoya kunye nokuhluza kodwa zikwazinzisa ubushushu kunye nokufuma. Ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo zegumbi lokucoca kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba iiparameter zokusingqongileyo ziyahambelana. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwimisebenzi ebuthathaka efana ne-lithography, i-chemical vapor deposition (CVD), kunye nokugrumba.

Izixhobo zokucoca zeSemiconductor ezibalulekileyo zoLawulo lweNdalo

Iifektri zanamhlanje zisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza kakuhle ukujonga imeko yokusingqongileyo. Ekucocekeni komoya kunye nokulawula ukufuma, ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zibaluleke kakhulu:

• Izihluzi ze-HEPA kunye ne-ULPA: Susa amasuntswana ahamba emoyeni amancinci njenge-0.12 microns, ukujongana nokucoceka komoya kunye nolawulo lokufuma ngokuqinisekisa iipateni zomoya ezizinzileyo.
• Iinkqubo zeHVAC zegumbi lokucoca: Iinkqubo zokufudumeza, zokungenisa umoya, kunye nezokupholisa umoya ezikhethekileyo zenzelwe ngokukodwa iindawo ezithile zegumbi lokucoca.
• Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni indalo: Zisoloko ziqaphele umswakama, amaqondo obushushu, kunye neenxalenye eziphuma emoyeni, zibonelela ngesilumkiso sexesha langempela kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha.
• IiYunithi zokususa umswakama: Zidityaniswe kwiinkqubo ze-HVAC kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zezona zinto ziphambili ekufezekiseni iindawo zomphunga ophantsi kakhulu kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka obukhulu.

Zonke izixhobo zegumbi lokucoca le-semiconductor kufuneka ziyilwe ngononophelo oluphantsi, ukuhambelana, kunye nokuthembeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha kunye nozinzo lwenkqubo.

Iindlela eziPhambili zokususa ubumanzi kwigumbi lokucoca i-Semiconductor

Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lokufuma kwiindawo zokucoca ze-semiconductor lucelomngeni lobuchwepheshe, ingakumbi xa indawo yokufuma kwindawo engqongileyo iphezulu okanye iphantsi kakhulu, ifuna izityalo (eziphantsi njenge -40°C okanye -60°C). Kulapho iteknoloji yokususa ukufuma kwigumbi lokucoca le-semiconductor ingena khona.

Iindlela zokususa ubumanzi ezisetyenziswayo zezi:

• IiDesiccant Dehumidifiers: Ezi zisebenzisa izinto ezithambileyo ukuze zicoce umoya kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-RH ephantsi.
• Ii-Dehumidifiers eziSekhefini: Zipholisa umoya ukuze zithuthe amanzi, zilungele amazinga aqhelekileyo okulawula ukufuma.
• Iinkqubo zeHybrid: I-desiccant kunye nefriji zixutywe ukuze zisebenze kakuhle phantsi kweemeko zolawulo olungqongqo.

Ezi nkqubo zihlala zakhiwe ngendlela yokubala, apho iindawo ezahlukeneyo zegumbi lokucoca zinokuba namanqanaba okufuma ahlukeneyo ngokwenqanaba lenkqubo kunye nobuthathaka bezixhobo.

Iingenelo zoLawulo lokufuma lweSemiconductor oluDibeneyo

Indlela edibeneyo yokulawula ukufuma kwe-semiconductor ineenzuzo ezininzi zokusebenza:

• Imveliso Ephucukileyo: Ukufuma okungaguquguqukiyo kuthintela iingxaki zokufuma kwaye kubonelela ngomlinganiselo ophezulu weetships ezisebenzisekayo.
• Ixesha Lokungasebenzi Elinciphileyo: Iinkqubo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa ukungasebenzi ngesandla kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo zibe ncinci kakhulu.
• Ukuthobela imithetho kunye nesiqinisekiso: Ukuhambelana nesiqinisekiso se-ISO 14644 okanye se-GMP kuba lula xa iinkqubo zolawulo ezibalaseleyo zisebenza.
• Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Iinkqubo zokususa umswakama eziphucukileyo zinokonga amandla kodwa zilawulwe ngaphakathi kwemida engqongqo.

Ukongeza, njengoko ii-fabs zizenzekela kwaye ziqhutywa yi-AI, iinkqubo zokulawula ukufuma ziyadityaniswa kwezinye iinkqubo, ezifana neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso (i-MES) kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwezakhiwo (i-BMS), ukuze zilawulwe ngokuyintloko kwaye zikwazi ukugcinwa kwangaphambili.

Isiphelo

Ulawulo lomswakama kuyo yonke imveliso ye-semiconductor alukho ngaphantsi kwengxaki yesibini—luyinto ebangela umgangatho, ukuhambelana, kunye nenzuzo. Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-semiconductor cleanroom ephucukileyo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokususa ubumanzi kwi-semiconductor cleanroom, ii-fabs zinokufikelela kumlinganiselo ochanekileyo ofunekayo ukwenza ii-chips zesizukulwana esilandelayo.

Ngokwamkela iinkqubo zokulawula ukufuma ze-semiconductor ezidibeneyo, ezikrelekrele, nezigcina amandla, uzibeka kwindawo yokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zeemarike ukusuka kwi-AI kunye ne-IoT ukuya kwiimoto kunye neenqwelo-moya. Kwihlabathi apho i-micron enye ibaluleke kakhulu, imeko-bume oyidalayo ibaluleke ngakumbi.