Ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor akuthetheleli ngokunemba. Njengoba ama-transistors encishiswa futhi ukujikeleza kuyanda, ngisho namazinga amancane okuhlukahluka kwemvelo angaholela ekulimaleni, ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno, noma ekuhlulekeni kokwethembeka kokugcina. Ngokungangabazeki, isici esibaluleke kakhulu nesinganakiwe senqubo engenasici ukulawula umswakama. Ukusebenza okuphezulu akusekelwe kuphela ezintweni zesimanjemanje ze-semiconductor cleanroom, kodwa nasezinkambisweni zokususa umswakama ekamelweni elihlanzekile le-semiconductor elicwengisiswe unembeza ngamapharamitha enqubo athile agxilile.

Iqhaza Lokuswakama Ekukhiqizeni I-Semiconductor

Umswakama awukona nje ukunethezeka-kuyisici esibalulekile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor. Umswakama ongalawuleki udala izingozi ezilandelayo:

• I-oxidation yezindawo eziyisicwecwana ezibucayi
• Ukukhishwa kwe-Electrostatic (ESD), ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezinomswakama ophansi
• Ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya ngokunamathiselwe komhwamuko wamanzi
• Ukugqwala okubangelwa umswakama ngesikhathi sokupakishwa kanye nezigaba zokuhlola

Njengoba amadivaysi e-semiconductor enziwa ngezikali ze-nanometer namuhla, lezi zingozi ziyanda. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ukuswakama kwe-semiconductor akuwona nje umqondo omuhle—kuyimfuneko yobuchwepheshe.

Qonda i-Semiconductor Cleanroom

Izimboni zokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor, noma izindwangu, zakhiwe ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu lezinhlayiyana zomoya, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama. Amakamelo okuhlanza ahlukaniswa ngokwenombolo eyamukelekayo kanye nobubanzi bezinhlayiya nge-cubic meter ngayinye ngokuya ngesigaba se-ISO noma se-Federal Standard 209E.

Kule ndawo, okokusebenza kwe-semiconductor cleanroom akugcini nje ngokulawula ukugeleza komoya nokuhlunga kodwa futhi kusimamisa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zezindlu zokuhlanza kumele kuqinisekise ukuthi imingcele yemvelo iyavumelana. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emisebenzini ebucayi efana ne-lithography, i-chemical vapor deposition (CVD), kanye ne-etching.

I-Critical Semiconductor Cleanroom Equipment for Environmental Control

Izindwangu zanamuhla zisebenzisa imishini ehlukahlukene enokusebenza okuphezulu ukuqapha izimo zemvelo. Ekuhlanzekeni komoya nasekulawuleni umswakama, izinto ezilandelayo zibaluleke kakhulu:

• Izihlungi ze-HEPA ne-ULPA: Susa izinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni ezincane njengo-0.12 microns, ubhekane nokuhlanzeka komoya nokulawula umswakama ngokuqinisekisa amaphethini okugeleza komoya azinzile.
• I-Cleanroom HVAC Systems: Amasistimu okushisisa akhethekile, umoya omncane, kanye ne-air-conditioning aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo ezihlanzekile zegumbi.
• I-Environmental Monitoring Systems: Hlala uqaphela umswakama, izinga lokushisa, nezinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni, ezinikeza isexwayiso sesikhathi sangempela nokuloga kwedatha.
• Amayunithi Okukhipha Umswakama: Ahlanganiswe ezinhlelweni ze-HVAC ezimweni eziningi, lezi yizona ezihamba phambili ekufinyeleleni amaphuzu amazolo aphansi kakhulu ezindaweni ezizwela kakhulu.

Yonke imishini yegumbi lokuhlanza le-semiconductor kumele yakhelwe ngokulungiswa okuphansi, ukuhambisana, nokuthembeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe isikhathi nokuqina kwenqubo.

Amasu Athuthukisiwe Wokuhlanza Igumbi Lokucwilisa I-Semiconductor

Ukulawulwa komswakamo osezingeni eliphezulu ezindlini ezihlanzekile ze-semiconductor kuyinselelo yobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi uma indawo yomswakama osendaweni iphezulu noma iphansi kakhulu endaweni yamazolo, edinga izitshalo (ezingaphansi kuka -40°C noma -60°C ngisho nangaphezulu). Yilapho ubuchwepheshe bokususa umswakama we-semiconductor cleanroom bungena khona.

Izindlela zokususa umswakama zisetshenziswa:

• Ama-Desiccant Desiccant Dehumidifiers: Lezi zisebenzisa okokusebenza kwe-hygroscopic ukuze zinciphise umoya futhi zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezine-RH ephansi.
• Ama-Dehumidifiers Asekelwe Esiqandisini: Apholisa umoya ukuze athuthe amanzi, alungele amazinga ajwayelekile ezidingo zokulawula ukuswakama.
• Ama-Hybrid Systems: I-Desiccant nesiqandisi kuhlanganiswe ukuze kusebenze ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwezimo zokulawula eziqinile.

Amasistimu avame ukwakhiwa ngamandla okuklama izindawo, lapho izindawo ezingazodwana zegumbi lokuhlanza zingaba namaleveli womswakamo ahlukene ngokuya ngesigaba senqubo kanye nokuzwela kwempahla.

Izinzuzo Zokulawula Okuhlanganisiwe Kwe-Semiconductor Humidity

Indlela edidiyelwe yokulawula ukuswakama kwe-semiconductor inezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokusebenza:

• Isivuno Esithuthukisiwe: Umswakama ongaguquguquki uvimbela ukonakala komswakama futhi unikeza isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-chips asebenzisekayo.
• Isikhathi Sokuphumula Esincishisiwe: Amasistimu okulawula imvelo azenzakalelayo anciphisa ukudlala ngezandla kanye nokulungisa iphutha kube ubuncane obuphelele.
• Ukuthobelana Nesitifiketi: Ukuhambisana nesitifiketi se-ISO 14644 noma se-GMP kuba lula ngezinhlelo zokulawula ezinhle kakhulu ezisebenzayo.
• Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezamandla: Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokususa umswakama zingasebenzisa amandla kodwa zilawulwe ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eqinile.

Ukwengeza, njengoba izindwangu ziyazenzakalela futhi ziqhutshwa yi-AI, izinhlelo zokulawula umswakama ziyahlanganiswa kwezinye izinhlelo, njengezinhlelo zokukhiqiza (MES) kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha izakhiwo (BMS), ukuze zilawulwe maphakathi futhi zikwazi ukubikezela-ukunakekela.

Isiphetho

Ukulawulwa komswakamo kukho konke ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor akuyona into engaphansi kokukhathazeka kwesibili—kuyisinikezeli sangaphakathi sekhwalithi, ukungaguquguquki, kanye nenzuzo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-semiconductor cleanroom kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokuhlanza i-semiconductor cleanroom dehumidification, izindwangu zingafinyelela ukubekezelelana okunembile okudingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ama-chips esizukulwane esilandelayo.

Ngokwamukela amasistimu okulawula ukuswakama kwe-semiconductor ahlanganisiwe, ahlakaniphile, nawonga amandla, uzibeka ethubeni lokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zezimakethe kusukela ku-AI ne-IoT kuya kwezezimoto kanye ne-aerospace. Ezweni lapho i-micron eyodwa ibalulekile, indawo oyidalayo ibaluleke kakhulu.