Gukora semiconductors ntibibabarira mu buryo buboneye. Uko transistors zigabanuka kandi circuitry zikiyongera, ndetse n'urwego ruto rw'ihindagurika ry'ibidukikije rushobora gutera inenge, igihombo cy'umusaruro, cyangwa kunanirwa kwizerwa burundu. Nta gushidikanya, ikintu cy'ingenzi kandi cyirengagijwe mu nzira idafite inenge ni ukugenzura ubushuhe. Umusaruro mwiza ntushingiye gusa ku bikoresho bigezweho byo mu cyumba cyo gusukura, ahubwo ushingiye ku buryo bwo gusukura semiconductor mu cyumba cyo gusukura bunoze neza hifashishijwe ibipimo byihariye by'imikorere.

Uruhare rw'ubushuhe mu gukora semiconductors

Ubushuhe si ikintu cy'agaciro gusa—ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Ubushuhe budagenzurwa butera ibyago bikurikira:

• Gushyira ogisijeni ku buso bw'inyama zo mu bwoko bwa wafer
• Gusohora amashanyarazi (ESD), cyane cyane mu bihe by'ubushuhe buke
• Kwanduzwa n'uduce duto tw'amazi binyuze mu gufatisha umwuka w'amazi
• Ingese iterwa n'ubushuhe mu gihe cyo gupakira no gupima

Kubera ko ibikoresho bya semiconductor bikorerwa ku gipimo cya nanometer muri iki gihe, izi ngaruka ziriyongereye. Bityo rero, kugenzura ubushuhe bwa semiconductor si igitekerezo cyiza gusa—ni itegeko rya tekiniki.

Sobanukirwa n'icyumba cyo gusukura cya Semiconductor

Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, cyangwa fabs, zubatswe zifite urugero ruto cyane rw'uduce tw'umwuka, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, n'ubushuhe. Ibyumba by'isuku bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe umubare n'umurambararo byemewe by'uduce kuri metero kibe hakurikijwe icyiciro cya ISO cyangwa Federal Standard 209E.

Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byo mu cyumba cyo gusukura bya semiconductor ntibigenzura gusa uburyo umwuka utembera n’uburyo uyungurura, ahubwo binatuma ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe bihagarara. Guhuza sisitemu zo gusukura bigomba kwemeza ko ibipimo by’ibidukikije bihuzwa. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mu bikorwa byoroshye nko gushushanya, gupima umwuka w’ibinyabutabire (CVD), no gushushanya.

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gusukura ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa semiconductor mu kugenzura ibidukikije

Abakora umwuga wo mu bwoko bwa "fabs" ba none bakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite imikorere myiza mu kugenzura ibidukikije. Mu isuku y'ikirere no kugenzura ubushuhe, ibikoresho bikurikira ni ingenzi cyane:

• Filter za HEPA na ULPA: Kuraho uduce duto cyane two mu kirere nka mikoroni 0.12, bigamije isuku y'umwuka no kugenzura ubushuhe bw'ikirere binyuze mu kwemeza ko umwuka utembera neza.
• Sisitemu za HVAC zo mu cyumba cyo gusukura: Sisitemu zihariye zo gushyushya, guhumeka, no gukonjesha zigenewe by'umwihariko ahantu hihariye mu cyumba cyo gusukura.
• Sisitemu zo Gukurikirana Ibidukikije: Guhora witonze ku bushyuhe, ubushyuhe n'utundi duce tw'ikirere, bitanga umuburo mu gihe nyacyo no kubika amakuru.
• Ibikoresho byo gukuraho ubushuhe: Bishyizwe muri sisitemu za HVAC mu bihe byinshi, ibi ni byo by'ingenzi biyobora kugera ku ngingo z'ubushuhe buke cyane mu bice bifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika cyane.

Ibikoresho byose byo mu cyumba cy’isuku cya semiconductor bigomba kuba bifite imiterere idahagije, ijyanye neza, kandi yizewe kugira ngo bigire igihe cyo gukora no kudahungabana.

Uburyo bwo Gusukura Inzu Ikoresha Semiconductor Ikoranabuhanga Rigezweho ryo Gukuraho Ubushuhe mu Gikoresho

Gutunganya neza ubushuhe mu byumba byo gusukura bya semiconductor ni ikibazo cy’ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane iyo ahantu hashyushye cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, bigasaba ibimera (kugeza kuri -40°C cyangwa -60°C). Aho niho ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuraho ubushuhe mu byumba byo gusukura bya semiconductor rishyirwa imbere.

Uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushuhe bukoreshwa ni ubu:

• Ibikoresho byo gukuraho ubushuhe: Ibi bikoresha ibikoresho bisukura umwuka kandi ni byiza cyane mu gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite ubushuhe bwinshi.
• Ibikoresho bikuraho ubushuhe bishingiye kuri firigo: Bikonjesha umwuka kugira ngo bitware amazi, bikaba byiza cyane mu rwego rusange rwo kugenzura ubushuhe.
• Sisitemu zivanze: Umuti wo koza amenyo n'ubukonje biravangwa kugira ngo bikore neza mu gihe habayeho kugenzura cyane.

Akenshi sisitemu ziba zubatswe zifite ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ahantu hatandukanye, aho ahantu hatandukanye ho mu cyumba cy’isuku hashobora kugira ubushuhe butandukanye bitewe n’icyiciro cy’ibikorwa ndetse n’uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa.

Ibyiza byo Kugenzura Ubushuhe bwa Semiconductor Integrated

Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushuhe bwa semiconductor bufite inyungu nyinshi mu mikorere:

• Umusaruro Urushaho Kuba mwiza: Ubushuhe buhoraho burinda ubushuhe kandi butanga igipimo cyo hejuru cy'udupira dushobora gukoreshwa.
• Kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora: Sisitemu zikora zigenzura ibidukikije zigabanya gukoresha intoki no gukemura ibibazo ku buryo buciriritse.
• Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko: Gukurikiza icyemezo cya ISO 14644 cyangwa GMP biroroha iyo sisitemu nziza zo kugenzura zikora.
• Ingufu Zikoreshwa mu Buryo Bunoze: Sisitemu zigezweho zo gukuraho ubushuhe zishobora gukoresha ingufu neza ariko zikagenzurwa mu buryo buciriritse.

Byongeye kandi, bitewe n’uko ibikoresho by’ubukorikori bikorwa mu buryo bwikora kandi bigakoreshwa n’ubuhanga bwo kugenzura ubushuhe, sisitemu zo kugenzura ubushuhe ziri guhuzwa n’izindi sisitemu, nka sisitemu zo gukora ibintu (MES) na sisitemu zo gucunga inyubako (BMS), kugira ngo zigenzurwe neza kandi zishobore kubungabunga ibintu mbere y’igihe.

Umwanzuro

Kugenzura ubushuhe mu nganda za semiconductor si ikibazo cya kabiri—ni ikintu cy’ingenzi gituma habaho ubuziranenge, ubwumvikane, n’inyungu. Hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusukura semiconductor hamwe n’uburyo bukwiye bwo gusukura semiconductor cleanroom, fabs zishobora kugera ku buremere bukenewe kugira ngo hakorwe chips zo mu gisekuru gitaha.

Mu gukoresha sisitemu zo kugenzura ubushuhe bwa semiconductor zihujwe, zifite ubwenge kandi zigatanga ingufu, uba wishyize mu mwanya wo guhaza ibyifuzo by’amasoko kuva kuri AI na IoT kugeza ku modoka n’indege. Mu isi aho mikoro imwe ari ingenzi, ibidukikije ukora ni ingenzi cyane kurushaho.