Mu isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) n’izibika ingufu, imikorere ya batiri n’ubwizigirwa ni byo by’ingenzi cyane. Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi ku bwiza bwa batiri ni ukugenzura ubushuhe mu nganda. Ubushuhe bwinshi bushobora gutera ingaruka mbi zishobora kugabanya igihe batiri imara, kongera imbaraga zayo, no gushyira mu kaga umutekano. Aho niho ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bishyirwa imbere. Kugira ngo ubucuruzi bugere ku manota meza, icyumba cy’amashanyarazi gihamye cyo gukora batiri si amahitamo—ni ngombwa.

Akamaro k'ibyumba byumye mu bateri

Bateri za Lithium-ion ni hygroscopic. Umwotsi w'amazi mu rugero ruto cyane uhura n'umunyu wa lithium muri electrolyte kugira ngo ukore aside hydrofluoric (HF), ibi bikaba byangiza imiterere y'imbere ya bateri. Ahantu hato cyane harangwa n'ubushuhe, akenshi munsi ya 1% by'ubushuhe (RH), hagomba gutangwa kugira ngo hategurwe electrode, hateranywe uturemangingo, kandi hakorwe electrode yuzuze.

Icyumba cy’ubukorikori gikorerwamo bateri gifite imiterere myiza y’inganda gifite ahantu hagenzurwa hangana na 1% by’ubushyuhe cyangwa munsi ya 1% (ibice by’ikime biri munsi ya -40°C). Gitanga imiterere ihamye yo gukora, kigabanya ibyago byo kwandura, kandi kigatanga imikorere ihoraho ituruka kuri bateri.

Ibice by'ingenzi bigize ibikoresho by'icyumba cyumye cy'amabati

Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho by'icyumba cy'ubwubatsi bigizwe n'imashini zigezweho zo gukuraho ubushuhe, ibikoresho bya HVAC bikora neza cyane, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura neza cyane. Ibice by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ibikoresho byo Kugabanya Ubushuhe mu Muyoboro w'Amazi- Ubu buryo bukoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo gukura ubushuhe mu kirere no guteza ibidukikije byumye cyane.
• Sisitemu zo Gutembera k'Umwotsi– Ingufu zituruka mu kirere zakozwe neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko imifuka y’ubushuhe yakwiyongera kandi zigakomeza ibidukikije bimwe.
• Ibikoresho byo Gupima Ubushuhe n'Ubushyuhe- Gukurikirana amakuru mu buryo nyabwo ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ihindagurika ry'amakuru n'imiterere myiza.
• Sisitemu zo kugarura ingufu– Kubera ko ahantu hafite ubushuhe buke cyane hasaba ingufu nyinshi, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuzigama ingufu rigabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora.

Iyo ikoranabuhanga rihujwe, ibikoresho by'icyumba cy'ubu by'amashanyarazi bikoresha batiri bitanga ubuziranenge kandi bikagabanya ingufu.

Udushya mu buhanga mu by'ubwubatsi bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma

Kugira ngo hubakwe icyumba cyumye gikore neza, hakenewe ibirenze ibikoresho gusa—bisaba ubuhanga bwuzuye mu byumba byumye. Imiterere yabyo, imiterere y'umwuka utembera, imiterere y'ahantu, n'ibikoresho byose ni ibintu bigomba gutegurwa neza. Uburyo imiterere y'ibishushanyo mbonera igenda yaguka uko umusaruro ukenewe ubu ni cyo kintu gikenewe mu ngamba nshya z'ubuhanga.

Udushya ni:

• Ibyumba byumye bifite modular kandi bishobora kwaguka– Ibi byemerera abakora ibikoresho kongera ubushobozi bwabo nta kuvugurura imiterere y’ibikoresho bigoye.
• Kunoza ingufu– Ikoranabuhanga rya HVAC rigezweho n'ibisubizo byo kugarura ubushyuhe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 30%.
• Igenzura rishingiye ku buhanga bwa siyansi (AI)- Kwiga imashini bipima imiterere y'ubushuhe kandi bigateganya ibikenewe mu kubungabunga, bigagabanya igihe cyo kudakora.

Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu byumba byumye neza ntibutuma habaho igenzura rihamye ry'ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo bunagabanya amafaranga akoreshwa mu mikorere kandi bukongera imikorere myiza.

Uruhare mu gukora bateri

Icyumba cyumye cyo gukora bateri gikoreshwa mu bikorwa by'ingenzi nko gusiga irangi, guteranya utunyangingo, no kuzuza electrolyte. Urugero, iyo ukoresha electrode, ubushuhe burahindurwa ku buryo nta bikorwa bya shimi bitari ngombwa bibaho. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo uteranya utunyangingo, ibyumba byumye bitanga imiterere ituma ibintu bidashobora guhumeka neza mu buryo buhamye.

Uko icyifuzo cy’imodoka zigezweho (EV) gikomeza kwiyongera, abakora ibikoresho bagomba kongera umusaruro nta kubangamira ubuziranenge. Bivuze gushora imari mu bikoresho byo mu cyumba cy’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byo ku rwego rw’isi bifite imikorere n’umutekano ku isi.

Ibyiza byo Gutanga Ibisubizo by'Icyumba Gishyushye Bigezweho

Ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo mu cyumba cyumye birenga kugenzura ubuziranenge ubwabyo:

• Igihe kirekire cyo kumara bateri n'umutekano– Kugabanuka k'ubushuhe bigabanya ingaruka mbi ku bimera, ibyo bigatuma umusaruro urushaho kuba uw'ukuri.
• Gukoresha neza ingufu– Sisitemu zigezweho zikoresha ingufu kandi zigacunga ikirere, bityo bigabanura ikiguzi cy’imikorere.
• Iyubahirizwa ry'ibisabwa mu nganda– Ibyumba byumutse byakozwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ISO n’ibyumba by’isuku kugira ngo bitange umusaruro mwiza.

Mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu byumba byumye bya batiri n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, abakora ibikoresho bashobora gukomeza kumenya ibisabwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse no mu mikorere.

Ingendo z'ejo hazaza

Ikoranabuhanga ryo mu cyumba cyumye rikoreshwa mu gukora bateri rifite ahazaza heza, riterwa no kwiyongera kw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Isesengura ry'ibintu, guhuza interineti y'ibintu, n'ibikoresho by'ubwenge bizatuma abakora bakurikirana ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo. Kwibanda ku gukoresha neza ingufu bizanatuma habaho udushya two kugarura ubushyuhe no guhuza ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya bateri—urugero, iterambere rya bateri zikomeye—ubukene bwo kugenzura ibidukikije neza buzakomeza kwiyongera. Ibigo bishora imari mu bikoresho bigezweho bya bateri z’icyumba cyumye n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhanga ubu bizaba ku isonga mu kuyobora impinduramatwara mu ngufu.

Umwanzuro

Hashingiwe ku muvuduko w’irushanwa mu nganda zikora batiri, kugenzura ibidukikije ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi kurusha ibindi. Batiri y’icyumba cyumye yakozwe neza, ikoreshwa n’ibikoresho bigezweho byo mu cyumba cyumye kandi yuzuzwa n’abahanga mu by’icyumba cyumye, ni ngombwa kugira ngo hakorwe batiri nziza, yizewe kandi zitekanye. Mu gihe kizaza, abakora ibikoresho b’inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’icyumba cyumye bazashakishwa cyane bitewe n’urwego rw’imikorere yabo, kuzigama ikiguzi, no kurinda ibidukikije.